The protective effect of dexmedetomidine in a rat ex vivo lung model of ischemia-reperfusion injury

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine (Dex) in a rat ex vivo lung model of ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods: An IL-2 ex vivo lung perfusion system was used to establish a rat ex vivo lung model of ischemia-reperfusion injury. Drugs were added to the perfusion solution for reperfusion. Lung injury was assessed by histopathological changes, airway pressure (Res), lung compliance (Compl), perfusion flow (Flow), pulmonary venous oxygen partial pressure (PaO2), and lung wet/dry (W/D) weight ratio. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) were measured, respectively. Results: The introduction of Dex attenuated the post-ischemia-reperfusion lung damage and MDA level, improved lung histology, W/D ratio, lung injury scores and SOD activity. Decreased mRNA and protein levels of GRP78 and CHOP compared with the IR group were observed after Dex treatment. The effect of Dex was dosage-dependence and a high dose of Dex (10 nM) was shown to confer the strongest protective effect against lung damage (P<0.05). Yohimbine, an α2 receptor antagonist, significantly reversed the protective effect of Dex in lung tissues (P<0.05). Conclusion: Dex reduced ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat ex vivo lungs.

Significance of the levels of Twist and Vimentin proteins in oral squamous cell carcinoma / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To investigate the levels of the Twist and Vimentin proteins in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and analyze the clinical significance of Twist and Vimentin.@*Methods@# Eighty-five samples of OSCC and fifteen samples of normal oral mucosa were collected. Immunohistochemistry (SP method) was used to detect the expression of proteins, including Twist and vimentin. The relationship among these proteins and clinical pathological parameters was analyzed using SPSS statistical software.@*Results @#In the normal group, 13.3% (2/15) of samples were positive for the Twist protein; this value was significantly lower than that in OSCC group (80.0%, 66/85) (χ2=26.98, P < 0.001). The expression of Twist was associated with clinical stage (χ2=5.40, P=0.02) and lymph node metastasis (χ2=8.35, P=0.006), while no correlations were found between the expression of Twist and sex (χ2=0.23, P=0.63), age (χ2= 0.31, P=0.58), location (χ2=1.46, P=0.235) or degree of differentiation (χ2=1.52, P=0.47). Additionally, 6.7% of samples (1/15) were positive for vimentin; this value was significantly lower than that in OSCC group (74.1%, 63/85) (χ2=20.71, P < 0.001). The expression of vimentin was associated with clinical stage (χ2=4.51, P=0.034) and lymph node metastasis (χ2=6.75, P=0.009), while no correlations were found between the expression of vimentin and sex (χ2=0.40, P=0.53), age (χ2=0.17, P=0.68), location (χ2=0.74,P=0.39) or degree of differentiation (χ2=4.58, P=0.10). Spearman correlation analyses showed that Twist protein expression was positively correlated with vimentin (r=0.578, P＜0.05). @*Conclusion@#Our data demonstrate that in OSCC, Twist and vimentin levels were upregulated, and Twist protein expression was positively correlated with vimentin, which indicates that both Twist and vimentin may be involved in the occurrence of OSCC.

Extraction of low horizontally and buccally impacted mandibular third molars by three-section methud / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@# This study aims to investigate the clinical effect of the improved extraction of low horizontally impacted mandibular third molars via a “three-section” method.@*Method@#Sixty patients with low horizontally impacted mandibular third molars on both sides were selected for this study. A high-frequency electrotome, a 45 degree high-speed turbine and a special long drill needle were used in the test group. The improvement was called “three section”, which meant that the tooth was cut into three parts; first, the middle part was taken, then the root, and then the crown. One month later, the other side (control) was extracted using the regular method (the tooth was cut in two parts, and the crown was removed first). Operation time, swelling, pain, and limitations to mouth opening were carefully recorded and statistically analyzed.@*Results@#The time for the modified “three-section” method, which was used to remove the third molar embedded in the lower part of the lower jaw, was (10.05 ± 0.51) min, while the mean time for conventional extraction was (20.15 ± 0.88) min, and the difference was statistically significant (P< 0.01). There were significant differences (P< 0.01) in swelling, pain and limitations to mouth opening between the test group and the control group.@*Conclusion@#he use of the “three-section” method to extract third molars horizontally embedded in the lower jaw is associated with a shorter operation time, reduced trauma and reduced postoperative reactions, and it has valuable clinical applications.

Clinical evaluation and analysis of influencing factors of decompression in large cystic lesions of the jaws / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To evaluate the effect of decompression treated large cystic lesions of the jawsand analyze the influencing factors.@*Methods @#With the panoramic radiographs, the cysts size were measured before and after decompression in 6 dentigerous cysts (DC), 9 keratocystic odontogenic tumors (KTOC) and 10 unicystic ameloblastomas (UA). The reduction rate in the three cystic groups was calculated. Relationships between the age of the patient, the initial size of the cyst and the reduction rate were also analyzed.@*Results@#The reduction size of the three types of cysts at 6 months after decompression: DC group 60.73% ± 7.15%, KTOC group 60.99% ± 4.00%, UA group 59.25% ± 6.81%.There was no difference in their reduction rate between the three types of cysts (P>0.05). However, there was a statistically meaningful relationship between the initial size of the lesion and the absolute reduction rate in the UA and KOTC group (UA group: P<0.01, R=0.99; KTOC group: P<0.01, R=0.86). There was also a significant relationship between the age of the patient and the absolute reduction rate in the DC and UA groups (DC group: P<0.01, R=0.99; UA group: P<0.01, R=0.99). @*Conclusion@#There was no difference in the reduction in size due to decompression between the three types of cysts. However, the age of the patient and the initial size of the lesion showed a significant relationship with the reduction rate.

Accuracy of Percutaneous Core Biopsy in the Diagnosis of Small Renal Masses (≤4.0 cm): A Meta-analysis

Objective To use meta-analysis to determine the accuracy of percutaneous core needle biopsy in the diagnosis of small renal masses (SMRs≤4.0 cm). Materials and Methods Studies were identified by searching PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library database up to March 2013. Two of the authors independently assessed the study quality using QUADAS-2 tool and extracted data that met the inclusion criteria. The sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) and also summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve were investigated and draw. Deek’s funnel plot was used to evaluate the publication bias. Result A total of 9 studies with 788 patients (803 biopsies) were included. Failed biopsies without repeated or aborted from follow-up/surgery result were excluded (232 patients and 353 biopsies). For all cases, the pooled sensitivity was 94.0% (95% CI: 91.0%, 95.0%), the pooled positive likelihood was 22.57 (95% CI: 9.20-55.34), the pooled negative likelihood was 0.09 (95% CI: 0.06-0.13), the pooled DOR was 296.52(95% CI: 99. 42-884.38). The area under the curve of SROC analysis was 0.959±0.0254. Conclusion Imaging-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy of small renal masses (SMRs≤4.0 cm) is highly accurate to malignant tumor diagnosis with unknown metastatic status and could be offered to some patients after clinic judgment prior to surgical intervention consideration. .